Basa Palula
Basa Palula joda da salah osay basa say tipakay di nagara Pakistan, basa hasa dipakay bak Jolma Palula.
Huruf
[dandani | dandani sumbor]| Huruf | Transkripsi | IPA | Catatan (B. Inggris) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ا | aa, - | /aː/, /∅/ | Used as a vowel placeholder in initial form. Used to represent the "aa" vowel in medial and final positions. |
| ب | b | /b/ | |
| پ | p | /p/ | |
| ت | t | /t/ | |
| ٹ | ṭ | /ʈ/ | |
| ث | (s) | /s/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ج | ǰ | /ʑ/ | |
| چ | č | /t͡ɕ/ | |
| ڇ | c̣ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ | |
| څ | ts | /t͡s/ | |
| ح | (h) | /h/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| خ | x | /x/ | |
| د | d | /d/ | |
| ڈ | ḍ | /ɖ/ | |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ر | r | /r/ | |
| ڑ | ṛ | /ɽ/ | |
| ز | z | /z/ | |
| ژ | (ǰ) | /ʑ/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ڙ | ẓ | /ʐ/ | |
| س | s | /s/ | |
| ش | š | /ɕ/ | |
| ݜ | ṣ | /ʂ/ | |
| ص | (s) | /s/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ض | (z) | /z/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ط | (t) | /t/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ | Only used in loanwords. |
| ع | - | /∅/ | Only used in loanwords, no pronunciation. |
| غ | ɣ | /ɣ/ | |
| ف | f | /f/ | Only used in loanwords, may or may not have a unique pronunciation or a native pronunciation, depends on speaker. |
| ق | q | /q/ | Only used in loanwords, may or may not have a unique pronunciation or a native pronunciation, depends on speaker. |
| ک | k | /k/ | |
| گ | g | /g/ | |
| ل | l | /l/ | |
| م | m | /m/ | |
| ن | n | /n/ | |
| ݨ | ṇ | /ɳ/ | Sometimes formed when "n" precedes a retroflex consonant. |
| ں | _~ | /◌̃/ | No pronunciation on its own. Nasalizes preceding vowel. |
| و | w, oo, uu, o | /w/, /oː/, /uː/, /o/ | Can be read as a consonant or a vowel depending on context. See more in Vowel orthography section. |
| ہ | h | /h/ | |
| ھ | _h | /◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/ | No pronunciation on its own. Marks aspiration on the preceding consonant. |
| ی | y, ii, i | /j/, /iː/, /i/ | Can be read as a consonant or a vowel depending on context. See more in Vowels section. |
| ے | ee, e | /eː/, /e/ | See more in Vowel orthography section. |
| Vokal | Pocak | IPA | Catatan (B. Inggris) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | |||
| a | ـَ | اَ | /a/ | ||
| aa | ـَا | آ | /aː/ | ||
| e | ـےۡ | N/A | /e/ | In Ashret, word initial and medial /e/ fluctuates with /a/. | |
| ee | ـے | ـیـ | ایـ | /eː/ | |
| i | ـیۡ | ـِ | اِ | /i/ | |
| ii | ـِی | ـِیـ | اِیـ | /iː/ | |
| o | ـوۡ | ـو | او | /o/ | In Ashret, word initial and medial /o/ fluctuates between /u/. |
| oo | ـو | او | /oː/ | ||
| u | ـُ | اُ | /u/ | ||
| uu | ـُو | اُو | /uː/ | ||