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Basa Shina

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Suratan sa sumang rik Shina Kohistani, jadi dang komong.
Shina
ݜݨیاٗ زبان / ݜݨیاٗ گلیتوࣿ زبان
Ṣiṇyaá
Kata Ṣiṇyaá titulis dilom huruf Arab dilom gaya Nastaliq.
Pangucapan[ʂiɳjá]
Tipakay diPakistan, India
WilayahGilgit-Baltistan, Kohistan, Drass, Gurez
EtnikShina
Jumlah panutur
720.200 Shina (2018)[1]
rik Shina, Kohistani 458.000 (2018)[2]
Arab (Nastaliq)[3]
Kode basa
ISO 639-3Salah osay:
scl – Shina Standar
plk – Kohistani Shina
Glottologshin1264  Shina
kohi1248  Kohistani Shina
Distribution of Shina language in Dark Orange
Suratan hasa buisi simbul-simbul fonetik IPA. Makka dukungan rendering say bonor, Niku mangkali ngaliyak tanda tanya, kutak-kutak, atawa simbul barihna alih-alih huruf Unicode. Untuk panduwan pangantak tentang simbul-simbul IPA, liyak Katulungan:IPA.

Basa Shina joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Shina di nagara Pakistan.[4] Di Pakistan, joda da basa mayoritas di Gilgit-Baltistan say sabagiyan balak dituturko jolma say ngaman di Gilgit-Baltistan rik Kohistan.[5][6]

Huruf

[dandani | dandani sumbor]

Konsonan

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
Golar Bontuk IPA Latin[7] Unicode Catatan
Shina Posay Uncuk Tongah Pangkal
الڦ
aliv 		ا ـا ـا ا / آ [ʌ], [∅], silent – / aa U+0627
U+0627 		At the beginning of a word it can either come with diacritic, or it can come in form of aliv-madda (آ), or it can be stand-alone and silent, succeeded by a vowel letter. Diacritics اَ اِ، اُ can be omitted in writing.
بےࣿ
be 		ب ـب ـبـ بـ [b] b U+0628
پےࣿ
pe 		پ ـپ ـپـ پـ [p] p U+067E
تےࣿ
te 		ت ـت ـتـ تـ [t̪] t U+062A
ٹےࣿ
te 		ٹ ـٹ ـٹـ ٹـ [ʈ] ṭ U+0679
ثےࣿ
se 		ث ـث ـثـ ثـ [s] s U+062B Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter siin س .[8]
جوࣿم
ǰom 		ج ـج ـجـ جـ [d͡ʒ] ǰ U+062C
چےࣿ
če 		چ ـچ ـچـ چـ [t͡ʃ] č U+0686
څےࣿ
tse 		څ ـڅ ـڅـ څـ [t͡s] ts U+0685 Letter borrowed from Pashto alphabet.
ڇےࣿ
c̣e 		ڇ ـڇ ـڇـ ڇـ [ʈ͡ʂ] c̣ U+0687 Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use حٍـ instead of ڇـ.
حےࣿ
he 		ح ـح ـحـ حـ [h] h U+062D Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter hay ہ .[8]
خےࣿ
khe 		خ ـخ ـخـ خـ [x]~[kʰ] kh U+062E Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with digraph letter khe کھ .[8]
دال
daal 		د ـد - - [d̪] d U+062F
ڈال
ḍaal 		ڈ ـڈ - - [ɖ] ḍ U+0688
ذال
zaal 		ذ ـذ - - [z] z U+0630 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze ز .[8]
رےࣿ
re 		ر ـر - - [r] r U+0631
ڑےࣿ
ṛe 		ڑ ـڑ - - [ɽ] ṛ U+0691
زےࣿ
ze 		ز ـز - - [z] z U+0632
ژےࣿ
že / ǰe 		ژ ـژ - - [ʒ]‍~[d͡ʒ]‍ ž / ǰ U+0632 Only used in loanwords of Persian and European origin. Can be replaced with letter jom ج .[8]
ڙےࣿ
ẓe 		ڙ ـڙ - - [ʐ] ẓ U+0699 Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use رً instead of ڙ.
سِین
siin 		س ـس ـسـ سـ [s] s U+0633
شِین
šiin 		ش ـش ـشـ شـ [ʃ] š U+0634
ݜِین
ṣiin 		ݜ ـݜ ـݜـ ݜـ [ʂ] ṣ U+0687 Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use سً instead of ݜ.
صواد
swaad 		ص ـص ـصـ صـ [s] s U+0635 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter siin س .[8]
ضواد
zwaad 		ض ـض ـضـ ضـ [z] z U+0636 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze ز .[8]
طوے
tooy 		ط ـط ـطـ طـ [t̪] t U+0637 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter te ت .[8]
ظوے
zooy 		ظ ـظ ـظـ ظـ [z] z U+0638 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ze ز .[8]
عَین
ayn 		ع ـع ـعـ عـ [ʔ], silent - U+0639 Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter aliv ا .[8]
غَین
gayn 		غ ـغ ـغـ غـ [ɣ]~[ɡ] g U+063A Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter gaaf گ.[8]
فےࣿ
fe / phe 		ف ـف ـفـ فـ [f]~[pʰ] f / ph U+0641 Only used in loanwords. Can be replaced with digraph letter phe پھ .[8]
ڦےࣿ
ve 		ڦ ـڦ ـڦـ ڦـ [v] v U+06A6 Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use ڡً instead of ڦ.
قاف
qaaf / kaaf 		ق ـق ـقـ قـ [q]~[k] q / k U+0642 Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter kaaf ک .[8]
کاف
kaaf 		ک ـک ـکـ کـ [k] k U+0643
گاف
gaaf 		گ ـگ ـگـ گـ [ɡ] g U+06AF
ڱاف / گاف گُنَہ
ngaaf / gaaf gunna 		ڱ ـڱ ـڱـ ڱـ /ŋ/ ng U+06B1 Unique letter for Kohistani Shina language.[9]
لام
laam 		ل ـل ـلـ لـ [l] l U+0644
مِیم
miim 		م ـم ـمـ مـ [m] m U+0645
نُون
nپھ 		ـپھ ـپھـ پھـ [pʰ] ph U+067E
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
تھےࣿ
the 		تھ ـتھ ـتھـ تھـ [t̪ʰ] th U+062A
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
ٹھےࣿ
ṭhe 		ٹھ ـٹھ ـٹھـ ٹھـ [ʈʰ] ṭh U+0679
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
جھوࣿم
ǰhom 		جھ ـجھ ـجھـ جھـ [d͡ʒʱ] ǰh U+062C
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
چھےࣿ
čhe 		چھ ـچھ ـچھـ چھـ [t͡ʃʰ] čh U+0686
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
څھےࣿ
tshe 		څھ ـڅھ ـڅھـ څھـ [t͡sʰ] tsh U+0685
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
ڇھےࣿ
c̣he 		ڇھ ـڇھ ـڇھـ ڇھـ [ʈ͡ʂʰ] c̣h U+0687
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
دھےࣿ
dhe 		دھ ـدھ ـدھـ دھـ [d̪ʱ] dh U+062F
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
ڈھےࣿ
ḍhe 		ڈھ ـڈھ ـڈھـ ڈھـ [ɖʱ] ḍh U+0688
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
رھےࣿ
rhe 		رھ ـرھ ـرھـ رھـ [rʱ] rh U+0631
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
زھےࣿ
zhe 		زھ ـزھ ـزھـ زھـ [zʱ] zh U+0632
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
ڙھےࣿ
ẓhe 		ڙھ ـڙھ ـڙھـ ڙھـ [zʱ] ẓh U+0699
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
کھےࣿ
khe 		کھ ـکھ ـکھـ کھـ [kʰ] kh U+0643
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
گھےࣿ
ghe 		گھ ـگھ ـگھـ گھـ [ɡʱ] gh U+06AF
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
لھےࣿ
lhe 		لھ ـلھ ـلھـ لھـ [lʱ] lh U+0644
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
مھےࣿ
mhe 		مھ ـمھ ـمھـ مھـ [mʱ] mh U+0645
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]
نھےࣿ
nhe 		نھ ـنھ ـنھـ نھـ [nʱ] nh U+0646
and
U+06BE 		A digraph, counted as a letter.[9]

Vokal

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
Vokal di pangkal kata
a e i o u
اَ‎ ایࣿـ / اےࣿ‎ اِ‎ اوࣿ‎ اُ‎
Vokal di tongah kata
ـَ‎ یࣿـ / ـیࣿـ ‎ ـِ‎ وࣿ / ـوࣿ‎ ـُ‎
Vokal di uncuk kata
◌َہ / ـَہ‎ ےࣿ / ـےࣿ ‎ ◌ِہ / ـِہ‎ وࣿ / ـوࣿ‎ ◌ُہ / ـُہ‎
Vokal di pangkal kata
aa ee ii oo uu
آ‎ ایـ / اے‎ اِیـ / اِی‎ او‎ اُو‎
Vokal di tongah kata
ا / ـا‎ یـ / ـیـ ‎ ◌ِیـ / ـِیـ‎ و / ـو‎ ◌ُو / ـُو‎
Vokal di uncuk kata
ا / ـا‎ ے / ـے‎ ◌ِی / ـِی‎ و / ـو‎ ◌ُو / ـُو‎
Vokal di pangkal kata
aá eé ií oó uú
آٗ‎ ایٗـ / اےٗ‎ اِیٗـ / اِیٗ‎ اوٗ‎ اُوٗ‎
Vokal di tongah kata
اٗ / ـاٗ‎ یٗـ / ـیٗـ ‎ ◌ِیٗـ / ـِیٗـ‎ وٗ / ـوٗ‎ ◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ‎
Vokal di uncuk kata
اٗ / ـاٗ‎ ےٗ / ـےٗ‎ ◌ِیٗ / ـِی‎ وٗ / ـوٗ‎ ◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ‎
Vokal di pangkal kata
áa ée íi óo úu
آٰ‎ ایٰـ / اےٰ‎ اِیٰـ / اِیٰ‎ اوٰ‎ اُوٰ‎
Vokal di tongah kata
اٰ / ـاٰ‎ یٰـ / ـیٰـ ‎ ◌ِیٰـ / ـِیٰـ‎ وٰ / ـوٰ‎ ◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ‎
Vokal di uncuk kata
اٰ / ـاٰ‎ ےٰ / ـےٰ‎ ◌ِیٰ / ـِیٰ‎ وٰ / ـوٰ‎ ◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ‎

Cuntuh Tulisan

[dandani | dandani sumbor]

اَساٰ ایࣿک سَنِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. اَساٰ دَہِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. گوٰݜ جیٰجِہ دَہِیٰلوࣿ لیٰل بِیٰنوࣿ. گوٰݜ وَزِیٗ نَہ دِتوباٰلو.‎

Asáa ek saníilo góoṣ pašées. Asáa dahíilo góoṣ pašées. Góoṣ jéeji dahíilo léel bíino. Góoṣ wazií na ditobáalo.

Sikam ngaliyak lombahan say kok radu tiguway. Sikam ngaliyak lombahan sina mutung. Lombahan sina pocakna kona suwah. Lombahan sina mak mungkin rubuh unyin.

Rujukan

[dandani | dandani sumbor]
  1. ↑ "Shina". Ethnologue (in Inggris). Archived from the original on 2019-06-06. Retrieved 25 June 2019.Kategori:CS1 Inggris-language sources (en)
  2. ↑ "Shina, Kohistani". Ethnologue (in Inggris). Archived from the original on 2019-06-05. Retrieved 25 June 2019.Kategori:CS1 Inggris-language sources (en)
  3. ↑ "Ethnologue report for Shina". Ethnologue.
  4. ↑ Danesh Jain, The Indo-Aryan Languages George Cardona, 26 Juni 2007, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-79710-2, hal 1018 dilom Bahasa Inggris
  5. ↑ Anju Saxena, Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia: Status and Policies, Case Studies and Applications of Information Technology Lars Borin, 22 Agustus 2008, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-019778-5, hal 137 dilom Bahasa Inggris

    Shina is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group, spoken in the Karakorams and the western Himalayas: Gilgit, Hunza, the Astor Valley, the Tangir-Darel valleys, Chilas and Indus Kohistan, as well as in the upper Neelam Valley and Dras. Outliers of Shina are found in Ladakh (Brokskat), Chitral (Palula and Sawi), Swat (Ushojo; Bashir 2003: 878) and Dir (Kalkoti).
  6. ↑ Shina, Ethnologue dilom Bahasa Inggris
  7. ↑ Radloff, Carla F. with Shakil Ahmad Shakil.1998. Folktales in the Shina of Gilgit. Islamabad: The National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics. [1]
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Dictionary
  9. ↑ 9,00 9,01 9,02 9,03 9,04 9,05 9,06 9,07 9,08 9,09 9,10 9,11 9,12 9,13 9,14 9,15 9,16 9,17 Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Primer1
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