Basa Sylheti
| Sylheti | |
|---|---|
| |
Kata "Silôṭi" dilom huruf Sylheti Nagri | |
| Pangucapan | pangucapan Sylheti: [silɔʈi] ⓘ |
| Tipakay di | Bangladesh rik India |
| Wilayah | Divisi Sylhet rik Lombah Barak[1] |
| Etnik | Jolma Sylheti[2][3][4] |
| Panutur | B1: 10 juta (2003–2017)[5] B2: 1,5 juta (mak butanggal)[5] |
Bontuk awal | Magadhi Prakrit
|
| Sylheti Nāgarī Banggala–Assam Latin[6] | |
| Kode basa | |
| ISO 639-3 | syl |
syl | |
| Glottolog | sylh1242 |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-ui |
Map of Sylheti speaking areas of South Asia | |
Sylheti is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [7] | |
Basa Sylheti joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Sylheti di nagara Bangladesh rik India.[8]
Huruf
[dandani | dandani sumbor]Vokal
[dandani | dandani sumbor]| Huruf | Diyakritik | Transliterasi | IPA | Diyakritik rik huruf ꠇ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guttural | ꠀ | ꠣ | a | ɐ | ꠇꠣ | |
| Palatal | ꠁ | ꠤ | i | i | ꠇꠤ | |
| Labial | ꠃ | ꠥ | u | /[u]~[ʊ]/ | ꠇꠥ | |
| Palatoguttural | ꠄ | ꠦ | e | /[e]~[æ]~[ɛ]/ | ꠇꠦ | |
| ꠂ | oi | /ɔi~oi/ | ꠇꠂ | |||
| Labioguttural | ꠅ | ꠧ | o | /[ɔ]~[o]~[w]/ | ꠇꠧ |
Konsonan
[dandani | dandani sumbor]| Fonetis → | Oklusif | Nasal | Aproksiman | Frikatif | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Busuwara → | Mak Busuwara | Busuwara | Mak Busuwara | Busuwara | ||||||||||||||
| Velar | ꠇ | xo~ko /xɔ~kɔ/ |
ꠈ | xó~kó /xɔ́~kɔ́/ |
ꠉ | go /ɡɔ/ |
ꠊ | gó /ɡɔ́/ |
ꠢ | ho /ɦɔ~hɔ/ | ||||||||
| Palatal | ꠌ | so~co /sɔ~tʃɔ/ |
ꠍ | só~có /sɔ́~tʃɔ́/ |
ꠎ | zo~jo /zɔ~dʒɔ/ |
ꠏ | zó~jó /[zɔ́]~[dʒɔ́/] |
ꠡ | śo /ʃɔ/ |
||||||||
| Retrofleks | ꠐ | ṭo /ʈɔ/ |
ꠑ | ṭó /[ʈɔ́/] |
ꠒ | ḍo /ɖɔ/ |
ꠓ | ḍó /[ɖɔ́/] |
ꠞ | ro /ɾɔ/ |
ꠠ | ṛo
/ɽɔ/ |
||||||
| Dental | ꠔ | to /[t̪ɔ/] |
ꠕ | tó /[t̪ɔ́/] |
ꠖ | do /[d̪ɔ/] |
ꠗ | dó /[d̪ɔ́/] |
ꠘ | no /nɔ/ |
ꠟ | lo /lɔ/ |
||||||
| Labial | ꠙ | fo~po /fɔ~ɸɔ~pɔ/ |
ꠚ | fó~pó /[fɔ́]~[ɸɔ́]~[pɔ́/] |
ꠛ | bo /bɔ/ |
ꠜ | bó /[bɔ́/] |
ꠝ | mo /mɔ/ |
ꠅ | vo~wo /ʋɔ~wɔ/ | ||||||
| IPA | Nada Huruf Normal | Nada Huruf Langgar | Transkripsi | Transkripsi IPA | Inggris | Kumoring |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [k]~[x] | ꠇ | ꠈ | kô / khô | xɔxɔ́ | Like the k in "kite" or the kh in "Khartoum" depending on its position within vowels. |
Kabar atawa Khusus |
| [g] | ꠉ | ꠊ | gô / ghô | gɔgɔ́ | Like the g in "garage". | Golar |
| [t͡ʃ]~[s] | ꠌ | ꠍ | chô / chhô | sɔsɔ́ | Like the ch in "chat" or the s in "sun". | Sabun |
| [d͡ʒ]~[z] | ꠎ | ꠏ | jô / jhô | zɔzɔ́ | Like the j in "jungle" or the z in "zoo". | Jambu atawa Zaman |
| [ʈ] | ꠐ | ꠑ | ṭô / ṭhô | ʈɔʈɔ́ | Like the t in "tool". | Tikus |
| [ɖ] | ꠒ | ꠓ | ḍô / ḍhô | ɖɔɖɔ́ | Like the d in "doll". | Daging |
| [t̪] | ꠔ | ꠕ | tô / thô | t̪ɔt̪ɔ́ | Like the t in "soviet". | Coto |
| [d̪] | ꠖ | ꠗ | dô / dhô | d̪ɔd̪ɔ́ | Like the th in "the". | Hoda |
| [n] | ꠘ | n/a | nô | nɔ | Like the n in "net". | Niku |
| [p]~[ɸ]~[f] | ꠙ | n/a | pô | ɸɔ | Like the p in "pool" or the f in "fun". | Foto |
| [ɸ]~[f] | n/a | ꠚ | phô | fɔ́ | Like the f in "food". | Foto |
| [b] | ꠛ | ꠜ | bô / bhô | bɔbɔ́ | Like the b in "big". | Balak |
| [m] | ꠝ | n/a | mô | mɔ | Like the m in "moon". | Mongan |
| [ɾ] | ꠞ | n/a | rô | ɾɔ | Like the r in "rose". | Rabay (R togos) |
| [l] | ꠟ | n/a | lô | lɔ | Like the l in "luck". | Lampu |
| [ʃ] | ꠡ | n/a | shô | ʃɔ | Like the sh in "shoe". | Syarat |
| [ɦ] | ꠢ | n/a | hô | ɦɔ | Like the h in "head". | Hulu |
| [ɽ] | ꠠ | n/a | ṛô | ɽɔ | Like the r in "hurry". | - |
Simbul rik Tanda Baca
[dandani | dandani sumbor]| Simbul | Golar | Fungsi | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| ꠋ | Anusvara | ŋ | ɐ |
| ꠆ | Hasanta | Nokonko vokal usungan [ɔ] rik ngguway konjungsi. | – |
| ꠬ | Hasanta Alternatif | Nokonko vokal usungan [ɔ], tapi makwat hamak ngguway konjungsi. | – |
| Tanda | Golar | Fungsi |
|---|---|---|
| ꠨ | Tanda Sarambah-1 | – |
| ꠩ | Tanda Sarambah-2 | – |
| ꠪ | Tanda Sarambah-3 | – |
| ꠫ | Tanda Sarambah-4 | – |
| । | Danda/Daṛi | Nandai akhir kalimat, fungsina goh-goh da rik tanda titik (.) |
| , | Xoma | Misahko bagiyan-bagiyan kalimat. |
| ? | Prośnobudóx sin | Ngguway partanyaan atawa interogatif. |
| ! | Aśsorzobudóx sin | |
| : | Xolon | |
| ; | Semixolon | |
| - | Haifen | |
| — | Ḍeś | |
| ( ), { }, [ ] | Bondóni | |
| / | Bikolfo sin | |
| ‘ ’ | Udríti sin | |
| “ ” | Zuṛa udríti sin | |
| … | Borzon sin |
Cuntuh Tulisan
[dandani | dandani sumbor]ꠗꠣꠞꠣ ১: ꠢꠇꠟ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠗꠤꠘꠜꠣꠛꠦ ꠢꠝꠣꠘ ꠁꠎ꠆ꠎꠔ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠗꠤꠇꠣꠞ ꠟꠁꠀ ꠙꠄꠖꠣ ‘ꠅꠄ। ꠔꠣꠁꠘꠔꠣꠘ ꠛꠤꠛꠦꠇ ꠀꠞ ꠀꠇꠟ ꠀꠍꠦ। ꠄꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠢꠇꠟꠞ ꠄꠇꠎꠘꠦ ꠀꠞꠇꠎꠘꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠛꠤꠞꠣꠖꠞꠤꠞ ꠝꠘ ꠟꠁꠀ ꠀꠌꠞꠘ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠃꠌꠤꠔ।
Dára ex: Hôxôl manuṣ ṣadínbábe hôman ijjôt ar ôdíkar lôia fôeda ốe. Taintan bibex ar axôl asé. Er lagi hôxlôr exzône arôxzônôr lôge biradôrir môn lôia asôrôn xôra usit.
/d̪áɾa ex: ɦɔxɔl manuʃ ʃad̪ínbábe ɦɔman id͡ʒːɔt̪ aɾ ɔd̪íkaɾ lɔija fɔe̯d̪a ɔ́e̯. t̪aɪnt̪an bibex aɾ axɔl asé. eɾ lagi ɦɔxlɔɾ exzɔne arɔxzɔnɔɾ lɔge birad̪ɔɾiɾ mɔn lɔia asɔɾɔn xɔɾa usit̪./
Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.
Rujukan
[dandani | dandani sumbor]- ↑ Niharranjan Ray (Jan 1980). Bangalir Itihas (in Bengali). Vol. 2.Kategori:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)
- ↑ Shahela Hamid (2011). Language Use and Identity: The Sylheti Bangladeshis in Leeds. pp.Preface. Verlag Peter Lang. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ↑ Citakan:Harvcol
- ↑ Tanweer Fazal (2012). Minority Nationalisms in South Asia: 'We are with culture but without geography': locating Sylheti identity in contemporary India, Nabanipa Bhattacharjee. pp. 59–67.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Sylheti at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ "Sylheti language and the Syloti-Nagri alphabet". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
- ↑ "World Atlas of Languages: Sylheti". en.wal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
- ↑ Sylheti Ethnologue
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