Bahasa Khowar

Bahasa Khowar
کھووار Khowār

Dipakay bak	Jolma Kho
Jumlah Panutur	580 ribu
Wilayah	Pakistan
Kaluwarga Basa	Indo-Eropa • Indo-Iran • Indo-Arya • Bahasa Khowar
Huruf	Arab
Status
Resmi di
Diatur bak	Association for the Promotion of Khowar
Status Basa	Lokok tipakay
Kode Basa


ISO 639-3	khw

Basa Khowar joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Kho di nagara Pakistan.

Huruf

Konsonan

Golar^[1]	Bontuk				IPA^[2]	Romanisasi^[3]	Unicode	Cuntuh^[2]
Khowar Romanisasi	Posay	Uncuk	Tongah-tongah	Pangkal	IPA^[2]	Romanisasi^[3]	Unicode	Khowar Romanisasi	Horti
الف ‎ alif	ا ‎	ـا ‎			/ɑː/, /ʔ/, rokop ^[4]	ā, –	U+0627	انگار‎ angár	Apuy
بے ‎ be	ب ‎	ـب ‎	ـبـ ‎	بـ ‎	/b/	b	U+0628	برار‎ braár	Mahani
پے ‎ pe	پ ‎	ـپ ‎	ـپـ ‎	پـ ‎	/p/	p	U+067E	پلوغ‎ palóγ	Apel
تے ‎ te	ت ‎	ـت ‎	ـتـ ‎	تـ ‎	/t̪/	t	U+062A	تت‎ tat	Ubak
ٹے ‎ ṭe	ٹ ‎	ـٹ ‎	ـٹـ ‎	ٹـ ‎	/ʈ/	ṭ	U+0679	ٹپ‎ ṭip	Ponuh
ثے ‎ se	ث ‎	ـث ‎	ـثـ ‎	ثـ ‎	/s/	s	U+062B	توابی‎ saʋabi	Panghorgaan/Ngaruwahi
جيم ‎ jim	ج ‎	ـج ‎	ـجـ ‎	جـ ‎	/d͡ʒ/	j	U+062C	جم‎ jam	Holaw
ݮيم ‎ j̣im	ݮ ‎	ـݮ ‎	ـݮـ ‎	ݮـ ‎	/ɖ͡ʐ/	j̣	U+076E	ݮنݮیر‎ j̣anj̣ér	Rantay
چے ‎ če	چ ‎	ـچ ‎	ـچـ ‎	چـ ‎	/t͡ʃ/	č	U+0686	چومر‎ čúmur	Bosi
ݯے ‎ c̣e	ݯ ‎	ـݯ ‎	ـݯـ ‎	ݯـ ‎	/ʈ͡ʂ/	c̣	U+076F	ݯار‎ c̣at	Ngoluh
حے ‎ he	ح ‎	ـح ‎	ـحـ ‎	حـ ‎	/h/	h	U+062D	حاجت‎ haját	Porlu
خے ‎ xe	خ ‎	ـخ ‎	ـخـ ‎	خـ ‎	/x/	x	U+062E	خڑاو‎ xaɫáu	Tikus
څے ‎ tse	څ ‎	ـڅ ‎	ـڅـ ‎	څـ ‎	/t͡s/	ts	U+0685	څیق‎ tseq	Ronik
ځے ‎ dze	ځ ‎	ـځ ‎	ـځـ ‎	ځـ ‎	/d͡z/	dz	U+0681	ځاہ‎ dzah	Basoh
دال ‎ dal	د ‎	ـد ‎			/d̪/	d	U+062F	دروݯ‎ droc̣	Anggur
ڈال ‎ ḍal	ڈ ‎	ـڈ ‎			/ɖ/	ḍ	U+0688	ڈانگ‎ ḍaáng	Jantung/Hati
ذال ‎ zal	ذ ‎	ـذ ‎			/z/	z	U+0630	ذخیره‎ zaxira	Buwah ngoluh
رے ‎ re	ر ‎	ـر ‎			/r/	r	U+0631	روئے‎ roi	Jolma
ڑے ‎ ɫe	ڑ ‎	ـڑ ‎			/lˠ/	ɫ	U+0691	ڑوو‎ ɫow	Rubah
زے ‎ ze	ز ‎	ـز ‎			/z/	z	U+0632	زوم‎ zom	Gunung
ژے ‎ že	ژ ‎	ـژ ‎			/ʒ/	ž	U+0698	ژور‎ žuúr	Nakbay
ݱے ‎ ẓe	ݱ ‎	ـݱ ‎			/ʐ/	ẓ	U+0771	ݱوت‎ ẓot	Awal
سین ‎ sin	س ‎	ـس ‎	ـسـ ‎	سـ ‎	/s/	s	U+0633	سوت‎ sot	Pitu
شین ‎ šin	ش ‎	ـش ‎	ـشـ ‎	شـ ‎	/ʃ/	š	U+0634	شوت‎ šot	Sumpah
ݰین ‎ ṣin	ݰ ‎	ـݰ ‎	ـݰـ ‎	ݰـ ‎	/ʂ/	ṣ	U+0770	ݰابوک‎ ṣaboók	Kabayan obay
صواد ‎ swad	ص ‎	ـص ‎	ـصـ ‎	صـ ‎	/s/	s	U+0635	صفا‎ safá	Borsih
ضواد ‎ zwad	ض ‎	ـض ‎	ـضـ ‎	ضـ ‎	/z/	z	U+0636	ضائع‎ zayá	Siya-siya
طوئے ‎ to’ē	ط ‎	ـط ‎	ـطـ ‎	طـ ‎	/t̪/	t	U+0637	طوطی‎ toti	Manuk beo
ظوئے ‎ zo’ē	ظ ‎	ـظ ‎	ـظـ ‎	ظـ ‎	/z/	z	U+0638	ظالم‎ zaálim	Hotung
عین ‎ ‘ain	ع ‎	ـع ‎	ـعـ ‎	عـ ‎	/ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, rokop ^[5]	‘	U+0639	عاشق‎ ašéq	Panggoring
غین ‎ γayn	غ ‎	ـغ ‎	ـغـ ‎	غـ ‎	/ɣ/	γ	U+063A	غیژی‎ γéži	Posay
فے ‎ fe	ف ‎	ـف ‎	ـفـ ‎	فـ ‎	/f/	f	U+0641	فروخ‎ frox	Banguk
قاف ‎ qaf	ق ‎	ـق ‎	ـقـ ‎	قـ ‎	/q/	q	U+0642	قاق‎ qáq	Ngoluh
کاف ‎ kaf	ک ‎	ـک ‎	ـکـ ‎	کـ ‎	/k/	k	U+06A9	کانو‎ kánu	Buta
گاف ‎ gaf	گ ‎	ـگ ‎	ـگـ ‎	گـ ‎	/ɡ/	g	U+06AF	گونج‎ gonj	Panyimpanan
لام ‎ lam	ل ‎	ـل ‎	ـلـ ‎	لـ ‎	/l/	l	U+0644	لوٹ‎ loṭ	Balak
میم ‎ mim	م ‎	ـم ‎	ـمـ ‎	مـ ‎	/m/	m	U+0645	مخ‎ mux	Pudak
نون ‎ nun	ن ‎	ـن ‎	ـنـ ‎	نـ ‎	/n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/	n	U+0646	نموتی‎ namúti	Mak busolop
واؤ ‎ wa’o	و ‎	ـو ‎			/ʋ/, /uː/, /ʊ/, /o ː/, /ɔː/	v, w, u, o, aw	U+0648	واؤ‎ wau وریݱنو‎ vreẓ̌nú	Morli tuha Bawang handak
ہے ‎ he	ہ ‎	ـہ ‎	ـہـ ‎	ہـ ‎	/h/, /ɑː/, /eː/	h, a, e	U+06C1 ^[6]	ہوست‎ host	Pungu
چھوٹی ہے ‎ choṭi he	ہ ‎	ـہ ‎	ـہـ ‎	ہـ ‎	/h/, /ɑː/, /eː/	h, a, e	U+06C1 ^[6]	ہوست‎ host	Pungu
دو چشمی ہے ‎ do-cashmī hē	ھ ‎	ـھ ‎	ـھـ ‎	ھـ ‎	/ʰ/ ^[7]	-h	U+06BE	پھوست‎ phost	Bawak
یے ‎ ye	ی ‎	ـی ‎	ـیـ ‎	یـ ‎	/j/, /i/, /e/ ^[8]	y, i, e	U+06CC	یومون‎ yomún میوه‎ mewá لگینی‎ ligíni	Musim salju Buah Ma
بڑی یے ‎ baṛi ye	ے ‎	ـے ‎			/e/, /aj/ ^[9]	ay, e	U+06D2	اوچے‎ očé	Rik
ہمزہ ‎ hamzah	ئ ‎	ـئ ‎	ـئـ ‎	ئـ ‎	/ʔ/ atawa rokop ^[10]	’, –, -i, -o, -u	U+0626	نخوئے‎ naxói	Buncis
	ؤ ‎	ـؤ ‎					U+0624	بوؤ‎ buú	Manuk hantu/guguk
	ء ‎						U+0621

Vokal

Vokal dilom basa Khowar tilambangko rik huruf-huruf say munih tianggap sabagay konsonan. Lamon bunyi vokal panday tilambangko rik say huruf. Kabingungan panday timbul, tapi konteks biyasona cukup untuk ngapanday bunyi say bonor.

Romanisasi	Pangucapan^[11]	Uncuk	Tongah-tongah	Pangkal
a	/ə/
ā	/ɑː/
i	/ɪ/
ī	/iː/
u	/ʊ/
ū	/uː/
e	/eː/
ay	/ɛ/
o	/oː/
aw	/ɔ/

Vokal Buntak

Vokal buntak ("a", "i", "u") titanday rik tanda diakritik dinggak rik di bah huruf konsonan.

Vokal	Golar	Transkripsi	IPA
بَ‎	zabar	ba	/ə/
بِ‎	zer	bi	/ɪ/
بُ‎	pesh	bu	/ʊ/

Cuntuh Tulisan

UDHR pasal 1

Huruf Arab

سف انسان آزاد وا حقوق اوچے عزتو اعتبارو سورا برابار پیدا بیتی آسونی، ھیتانتے ضمیر اوچے عقل عطا کورونو بیتی شیر، ھے بچین ھیتان تان موژی برارگاریو سلوکو کوریلک۔‎

Latin

Saf insān āzād wa ḥuqūq-ochay izzato ėʿtibāro sora barābaar paidā biti asuni. hetantey żamīr ôchay ʿaql ataa koronu biti sher. Hey bachen hetan taan muzhi brar gariyo sulūk korelik.

Horti

Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.

Rujukan

↑ Ahmadriza, Fareed; Hussain, Mumtaz. "Evolution of khowar alphabets" کھوار حروف تہجی کی تاریخ [History of the Khowar Alphabet]. Mahraka.Kategori:CS1 uses Urdu-language script (ur)
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Farid Ahmad Raza, Preliminary Grapheme to Phoneme Khowar Alphabet Chart, Booni Chitral. http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/grapheme_to_phoneme.pdf
↑ Elena Bashir, A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio - Organization of the dictionary. University of Chicago. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/khowar-2nd/frontmatter/frontmatter.pdf
↑ At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble اُردو "Urdu". But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted اردو like other short vowel diacritcs.
↑ Used mainly for Arabic loanwords.
↑ Similar to Urdu, sometimes choṭī hē is used to refer to hey but choṭī hē can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use U+0647 whereas Khowar uses U+06C1 for gōl hey.Citakan:Fact See also: Urdu in Unicode.
↑ No word begins with this letter. This letter forms part of digraph with other consonants to represent aspirated varieties of those consonants
↑ The letter ye can either represent consonant ([j]) or vowel ([i] or [e]). The letter ye can represent [j] in initial, medial, or final position, or it can represent [i] and [e] occur in medial positions, or [i] in final position. To represent [e] in final position, the letter baṛi ye (ے) is used.
↑ The letter baṛi ye only occurs in final position. The letter baṛi ye represents the vowel [e]. To represent [e] in media position, the letter ye (ـیـ) is used.
↑ In Khowar, hamzah is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as hamzah-e-izafat. The main use of hamzah in Khowar is to indicate a vowel cluster.
↑ October 2017, section is a verbatim copy of Urdu alphabet, are wer sure the very same pronunciations hold?

[OrthographyHistory-1] Ahmadriza, Fareed; Hussain, Mumtaz. "Evolution of khowar alphabets" کھوار حروف تہجی کی تاریخ [History of the Khowar Alphabet]. Mahraka.Kategori:CS1 uses Urdu-language script (ur)

[grapheme-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Farid Ahmad Raza, Preliminary Grapheme to Phoneme Khowar Alphabet Chart, Booni Chitral. http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/grapheme_to_phoneme.pdf

[3] Elena Bashir, A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio - Organization of the dictionary. University of Chicago. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/khowar-2nd/frontmatter/frontmatter.pdf

[4] At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble اُردو "Urdu". But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted اردو like other short vowel diacritcs.

[5] Used mainly for Arabic loanwords.

[6] Similar to Urdu, sometimes choṭī hē is used to refer to hey but choṭī hē can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use U+0647 whereas Khowar uses U+06C1 for gōl hey.Citakan:Fact See also: Urdu in Unicode.

[7] No word begins with this letter. This letter forms part of digraph with other consonants to represent aspirated varieties of those consonants

[8] The letter ye can either represent consonant ([j]) or vowel ([i] or [e]). The letter ye can represent [j] in initial, medial, or final position, or it can represent [i] and [e] occur in medial positions, or [i] in final position. To represent [e] in final position, the letter baṛi ye (ے) is used.

[9] The letter baṛi ye only occurs in final position. The letter baṛi ye represents the vowel [e]. To represent [e] in media position, the letter ye (ـیـ) is used.

[10] In Khowar, hamzah is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as hamzah-e-izafat. The main use of hamzah in Khowar is to indicate a vowel cluster.

[11] October 2017, section is a verbatim copy of Urdu alphabet, are wer sure the very same pronunciations hold?

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