Basa Tulu

Sikor	Tuḷuva
Bangsa	Tuḷuver
Basa	Tuḷu
Nagara	Tuḷu Nāḍŭ

Tulu
Tulu
Tuḷu Bāse; 𑎡𑎻𑎳𑎻 𑎨𑎸𑎱𑏂, ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ, തുളു ബാസെ
	Kata Tulu titulis dilom huruf Tulu-Tigalari
Pangucapan	[t̪uɭu baːsɛ]
Tipakay di	Hulu Ngalawok Karnataka rik Kerala Liba, India
Wilayah	India Hulu (Tulu Nadu) Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada rik Distrik Udupi); Kerala (distrik Kasaragod liba);
Etnik	Tuluv
Jumlah panutur	1,850,000 (2011 sensus)
Kaluwarga basa	Dravida Dravida Hulu Dravida Hulu I Dravida Hulu Ngalawok Kudiya–Tulu Tulu; ; ; ; ;
Diyalik	Brahma Liba, Liba Umum, Brahma Hulu, Hulu Umum
Sistim tulisan	Tigalari; Kannada; Malayalam
Kode basa
ISO 639-3	tcy
Glottolog	tulu1258
	Major distribution of native Tulu speakers in India
	Tulu is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tulu titulis dilom huruf non-Latin (Kannada atawa Tulu). Tulisan Tulu say tipakay di suratan hasa titransliterasiko guk lom huruf Latin sasuway rik standar ISO 15919.

A Tulu speaker.

Basa Tulu joda da Rumpun basa Dravida say dituturko Jolma Tulu rik tipakay di nagara India.

Huruf

Huruf Kannada

Konsonan tistruktur
	Mak busuwara	Mak busuwara ngahombus	Busuwara	Busuwara ngahombus	Nasal
Velar	ಕ ka	ಖ kha	ಗ ga	ಘ gha	ಙ ṅa
Palatal	ಚ ca	ಛ cha	ಜ ja	ಝ jha	ಞ ña
Retrofleks	ಟ ṭa	ಠ ṭha	ಡ ḍa	ಢ ḍha	ಣ ṇa
Dental	ತ ta	ಥ tha	ದ da	ಧ dha	ನ na
Labial	ಪ pa	ಫ pha	ಬ ba	ಭ bha	ಮ ma

Konsonan mak tistruktur
ಯ ya	ರ ra	ಱ ṟa ^[7]	ಲ la	ವ va	ಶ śa	ಷ ṣa	ಸ sa	ಹ ha	ಳ ḷa	ೞ ḻa ^[7]

Vokal rik diyakritik say sasuway rik akshara makay huruf ಅ
Posay	ಅ a	ಆ ā	ಇ i	ಈ ī	ಉ u	ಊ ū	ಋ r̥	ೠ r̥̄ ^{[note 1]}	ಌ l̥ ^{[note 1]}	ೡ l̥̄ ^{[note 1]}	ಎ e	ಏ ē	ಐ ai	ಒ o	ಓ ō	ಔ au
Citakan Diyakritik	- a	ಾ ā	ಿ i	ೀ ī	ು u	ೂ ū	ೃ r̥	ೄ r̥̄ ^{[note 1]}	ೢ l̥ ^{[note 1]}	ೣ l̥̄ ^{[note 1]}	ೆ e	ೇ ē	ೈ ai	ೊ o	ೋ ō	ೌ au
Diyakritik rik huruf ದ	ದ + ದ IPA: /d̪a/	ದ + ಾ ದಾ IPA: /d̪aː/	ದ + ಿ ದಿ IPA: /d̪i/	ದ + ೀ ದೀ IPA: /d̪iː/	ದ + ು ದು IPA: /d̪u/	ದ + ೂ ದೂ IPA: /d̪uː/	ದ + ೃ ದೃ IPA: /d̪ru/	ದ + ೄ ದೄ IPA: /d̪ruː/ ^{[note 1]}	ದ + ೢ ದೢ IPA: /d̪ruː/ ^{[note 1]}	ದ + ೣ ದೣ IPA: /d̪ruː/ ^{[note 1]}	ದ + ೆ ದೆ IPA: /d̪e/	ದ + ೇ ದೇ IPA: /d̪eː/	ದ + ೈ ದೈ IPA: /dai/	ದ + ೊ ದೊ IPA: /d̪o/	ದ + ೋ ದೋ IPA: /d̪oː/	ದ + ೌ ದೌ IPA: /d̪au/

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 ^1,6 ^1,7 ^1,8 Obsolete in modern Kannada.

Yōgavāha rik diyakritik say sasuway rik akshara makay huruf ಅ rik ದ
Citakan Diyakritik	ಂ ṁ	ಃ ḥ	ೱ ḥ ^{[note 1]}	ೲ ḫ ^{[note 1]}
Diyakritik rik huruf ಅ	ಅಂ aṁ	ಅಃ aḥ	ಅೱ ḥ ^{[note 1]}	ಅೲ ḫ ^{[note 1]}
Diyakritik rik huruf ದ	ದ + ಂ ದಂ IPA: /d̪am̃/	ದ + ಃ ದಃ IPA: /d̪ah/	ದ + ೱ ದೱ IPA: [x] ^{[note 2]}	ದ + ೲ ದೲ IPA: [ɸ] ^{[note 3]}

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Not used in modern Kannada, but used in Sanskrit transcription.
↑ Changes the sound of ಕ from k to kh.
↑ Changes the sound of ಪ from p to ph, similar to the f in fan but without the lips touching the teeth.

Angka Kannada
0 sonne ೦	1 ondu ೧	2 eraḍu ೨	3 mūru ೩	4 nālku ೪	5 aidu ೫	6 āru ೬	7 ēḷu ೭	8 enṭu ೮	9 oṃbattu ೯

Huruf Tulu-Tigalari

Huruf Malayalam

Konsonan *Varga*
	Mak busuwara		Busuwara
	Mak tihisok	Tihisok	Mak tihisok	Tihisok	Nasal (Irung)
Velar	ക ka IPA: /ka/ KA	ഖ kha IPA: /kʰa/ KHA	ഗ ga IPA: /ɡa/ GA	ഘ gha IPA: /ɡʱa/ GHA	ങ ṅa IPA: /ŋa/ NGA
Postalveolar atawa Alveolo-palatal	ച ca IPA: /t͡ʃa/ CHA	ഛ cha IPA: /t͡ʃʰa/ CHHA	ജ ja IPA: /d͡ʒa/ JA	ഝ jha IPA: /d͡ʒʱa/ JHA	ഞ ña IPA: /ɲa/ NHA (nja)
Retroflex	ട ṭa IPA: /ʈa/ TTA (hard ta)	ഠ ṭha IPA: /ʈʰa/ TTHA (hard tha)	ഡ ḍa IPA: /ɖa/ DDA (hard da)	ഢ ḍha IPA: /ɖʱa/ DDHA (hard dha)	ണ ṇa IPA: /ɳa/ NNA (hard na)
Dental	ത ta IPA: /t̪a/ TA (soft ta)	ഥ tha IPA: /t̪ʰa/ THA (soft tha)	ദ da IPA: /d̪a/ DA (soft da)	ധ dha IPA: /d̪ʱa/ DHA (soft dha)	ന na IPA: /n̪a, na/ NA (soft na)
Labial	പ pa IPA: /pa/ PA	ഫ pha IPA: /pʰa/ PHA	ബ ba IPA: /ba/ BA	ഭ bha IPA: /bʱa/ BHA	മ ma IPA: /ma/ MA

Konsonan barihna
യ ya IPA: /ja/ YA	ര ra IPA: /ɾa/ RA	ല la IPA: /la/ LA	വ va IPA: /ʋa/ VA

ശ śa IPA: /ɕa/ SHA	ഷ ṣa IPA: /ʂa/ SSA	സ sa IPA: /sa/ SA	ഹ ha IPA: /ha/^[8] HA

ള ḷa IPA: ɭ LLA	ഴ ḻa IPA: ɻ LLLA	റ ṟa IPA: /ra, ta/ RRA^{[note 1]}	ഩ ṉa IPA: /na/ NNNA^{[note 2]}	ഺ ṯa IPA: /ta/ TTTA^{[note 3]}

↑ (1) Repetition of this letter (റ + റ) represents a geminated voiceless alveolar plosive, /tːa/, it can also occur initially in loans where it can not be geminated; (2) chillu-n + this letter (ൻ + റ) often represents [nda]; (3) otherwise alveolar trill (apical) /ra/.
↑ Corresponds to Tamil ṉa ன. Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the alveolar nasal, as opposed to the dental nasal.^[9] In ordinary texts both are represented by na ന.
↑ Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, as opposed to the voiceless dental plosive represented by ta ത. In ordinary texts this sound is represented by ṟṟa റ്റ.^[9]

Monoftong
	Buntak			Tijang
	Posay	Bugantung		Posay	Bugantung
	Posay	Tanda vokal	Cuntuh	Posay	Tanda vokal	Cuntuh
a	അ a /a/	(makka)	പ pa /pa/	ആ ā /aː/	ാ	പാ pā /paː/
i	ഇ i /i/	ി	പി pi /pi/	ഈ ī /iː/	ീ	പീ pī /piː/
u	ഉ u /u/	ു	പു pu /pu/	ഊ ū /uː/	ൂ	പൂ pū /puː/
r̥	ഋ r̥ /rɨ/	ൃ	പൃ pr̥ /prɨ/	ൠ r̥̄ /rɨː/	ൄ	പൄ pr̥̄ /prɨː/
l̥	ഌ l̥ /lɨ/	ൢ	പൢ pl̥ /plɨ/	ൡ l̥̄ /lɨː/	ൣ	പൣ pl̥̄ /plɨː/
e	എ e /e/	െ	പെ pe /pe/	ഏ ē /eː/	േ	പേ pē /peː/
o	ഒ o /o/	ൊ	പൊ po /po/	ഓ ō /oː/	ോ	പോ pō /poː/

Diftong
	Posay	Bugantung
	Posay	Tanda vokal	Cuntuh
ai	ഐ ai /ai̯/	ൈ	പൈ pai /pai̯/
au	ഔ au /au̯/	ൌ (arkaik)	പൌ pau /pau̯/
au	ഔ au /au̯/	ൗ (modern)	പൗ pau /pau̯/

*Anusvaram*
aṁ	അം aṁ /am/	ം m̐ /m/	പം paṁ /pam/

*Visargam ഃ*
aḥ	അഃ aḥ /ah/	ഃ ḥ /h/	പഃ paḥ /pah/

Ligatur umum
	kka	ṅka	ṅṅa	cca	ñca	ñña	ṭṭa	ṇṭa	ṇṇa	tta	nta	nna	ppa	mpa	mma
Mak tiligasi	ക്‌ക	ങ്‌ക	ങ്‌ങ	ച്‌ച	ഞ്‌ച	ഞ്‌ഞ	ട്‌ട	ണ്‌ട	ണ്‌ണ	ത്‌ത	ന്‌ത	ന്‌ന	പ്‌പ	മ്‌പ	മ്‌മ
Tiligasi	ക്ക	ങ്ക	ങ്ങ	ച്ച	ഞ്ച	ഞ്ഞ	ട്ട	ണ്ട	ണ്ണ	ത്ത	ന്ത	ന്ന	പ്പ	മ്പ	മ്മ

	cca	bba	yya	vva
Mak tiligasi	ച്‌ച	ബ്‌ബ	യ്‌യ	വ്‌വ
Tiligasi	ച്ച	ബ്ബ	യ്യ	വ്വ

	nṯa	ṯṯa
Mak tiligasi	ന്‌റ	റ്‌റ
Tiligasi	ന്റ	റ്റ
Digraf	ൻറ	ററ

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	100	1000	¼	½	¾
൦	൧	൨	൩	൪	൫	൬	൭	൮	൯	൰	൱	൲	൳	൴	൵

11	20	21	30	110	10,099
൰൧	൨൰	൨൰൧	൩൰	൱൰	൰൲൯൰൯

Rujukan

↑ Tulu can be written in three different scripts: Tulu bāse is written in Tulu script, ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ in Kannada script, and തുളു ഭാഷെ in Malayalam script. ಭಾಷೆ bhāṣe, ಭಾಶೆ, bhāśe, and ಬಾಶೆ bāśe are alternative spellings for the Tulu word bāse in the Kannada script. The correct spelling for the word "language" in Kannada is ಭಾಷೆ bhāṣe, but that is not necessarily true in Tulu. Männer's Tulu-English and English-Tulu Dictionary (1886) says, "ಬಾಶೆ, ಬಾಸೆ bāšè, bāsè, see ಭಾಷೆ." (vol. 1, p. 478), "ಭಾಶೆ, ಭಾಷೆ bhāšè, bhāshè, s. Speech, language." (vol. 1, p. 508), meaning that the four spellings are more or less acceptable. The word is actually pronounced ಬಾಸೆ bāse in Tulu. Note that š and sh in his dictionary correspond to ś and ṣ, respectively, in ISO 15919
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "BhatSteveer"
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "acharya1b"
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "ciil.org"
↑ "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Indian Census 2011, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
↑ Citakan:Cite UNESCO Atlas
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Obsolete in modern Kannada.
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "Grammatical Sketch"
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 Everson, Michael (2007). "Proposal to add two characters for Malayalam to the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3494. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2009-09-09.

[obs-8] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 ^1,6 ^1,7 ^1,8 Obsolete in modern Kannada.

[ardha-9] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Not used in modern Kannada, but used in Sanskrit transcription.

[kh-10] Changes the sound of ಕ from k to kh.

[ph-11] Changes the sound of ಪ from p to ph, similar to the f in fan but without the lips touching the teeth.

[K-13] (1) Repetition of this letter (റ + റ) represents a geminated voiceless alveolar plosive, /tːa/, it can also occur initially in loans where it can not be geminated; (2) chillu-n + this letter (ൻ + റ) often represents [nda]; (3) otherwise alveolar trill (apical) /ra/.

[L-15] Corresponds to Tamil ṉa ன. Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the alveolar nasal, as opposed to the dental nasal.^[9] In ordinary texts both are represented by na ന.

[M-16] Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, as opposed to the voiceless dental plosive represented by ta ത. In ordinary texts this sound is represented by ṟṟa റ്റ.^[9]

[1] Tulu can be written in three different scripts: Tulu bāse is written in Tulu script, ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ in Kannada script, and തുളു ഭാഷെ in Malayalam script. ಭಾಷೆ bhāṣe, ಭಾಶೆ, bhāśe, and ಬಾಶೆ bāśe are alternative spellings for the Tulu word bāse in the Kannada script. The correct spelling for the word "language" in Kannada is ಭಾಷೆ bhāṣe, but that is not necessarily true in Tulu. Männer's Tulu-English and English-Tulu Dictionary (1886) says, "ಬಾಶೆ, ಬಾಸೆ bāšè, bāsè, see ಭಾಷೆ." (vol. 1, p. 478), "ಭಾಶೆ, ಭಾಷೆ bhāšè, bhāshè, s. Speech, language." (vol. 1, p. 508), meaning that the four spellings are more or less acceptable. The word is actually pronounced ಬಾಸೆ bāse in Tulu. Note that š and sh in his dictionary correspond to ś and ṣ, respectively, in ISO 15919

[BhatSteveer-2] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "BhatSteveer"

[acharya1b-3] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "acharya1b"

[ciil.org-4] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "ciil.org"

[Census2021-5] "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Indian Census 2011, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[6] Citakan:Cite UNESCO Atlas

[obs-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Obsolete in modern Kannada.

[Grammatical_Sketch-12] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama "Grammatical Sketch"

[N3494-14] 9,0 ^9,1 Everson, Michael (2007). "Proposal to add two characters for Malayalam to the BMP of the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3494. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2009-09-09.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[note 1]

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[8]

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[note 3]

[9]