Punjab, India

Punjab

ਪੰਜਾਬ
Punjab ਪੰਜਾਬ
Nagara bagiyan India
	Saarah rik sorok jam jak unggak: Harmandir Sahib, Qila Mubarak, Gandhi Bhavan, Parbatasan Wagah, Tugu Paringo'an Jallianwala Bagh
	Lambang
	Julukan: Tanoh Lima Uway; (Parsiya: punj=lima; abb=uway)
	Lokasi Punjab di India
	Peta Punjab
Nagara	India
Titogakko	1 November 1966
Bandar nagori	Chandigarh
Kota paling balak	Ludhiana
Distrik	Citakan:Comma separated entries
Pamarintahan
• Gubornur	Shivraj Patil
• Kapala Mantori	Parkash Singh Badal (SAD)
• Badan Legislatif	Sistim sanga kamar (117 kusi)
• Konstituensi parlimin	13
• Pangadilan Langgar	Pangadilan Langgar Punjab rik Haryana
Borak
• Total	50.362 km2 (19,000 sq mi)
Paringkat	ka-19
Populasi (2011)
• Total	27.743.338
• Kapado'an	550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Ataran waktu	UTC+05:30 (WSI)
Kode ISO 3166	IN-PB
IPM	0.679 (nongah)
Paringkat IPM	ka-9 (2005)
Ninong huruf	76.68%
Basa rasmi	Basa Punjabi
Situs web	http://www.punjabgovt.gov.in/

Suratan sa sumang rik Punjab, Pakistan, jadi dang komong.

Punjab, ਪੰਜਾਬ, پنجاب joda da salah osay nagara bagiyan say uwat di nagara India, ibukutana uwat di kuta Chandigarh say tunggal atawa bawor rik ibukuta nagara bagiyan Haryana. Sodongko Ludhiana joda da kuta balak say uwat di nagara bagiyan hasa.

Baruyut Kata

Golar "Punjab" titogak jak ruwa kata jak lom Basa Parsiya (پنج, panj, 'lima' rik آب, āb, 'uway'), say lokok sarumpun rik kata dilom basa Sanskerta (पञ्‍च, pañca, 'lima' rik अप्, áp, 'uway').^[4]^[5] Kata pañj-āb joda da injam horti jak Indo-Arya pañca-áp rik hortina "Tanoh jak Lima Uway", say ngarujuk guk batangari Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, rik Beas.^[6] Kaunyinna joda da anak batangari jak Way Indus, way Sutlej say paling balak.^[7] Rujukan Tanoh jak Lima Uway tihalui dilom Mahabharata, say salah osay wilayah tigolari Panchanada (Sanskrit: पञ्चनद, romanized: pañca-nada, lit. 'lima way').^[8]^[9] Jolma Yunani Bahari ngarujuk guk wilayah Pentapotamía (Greek: Πενταποταμία), say hortina goh-goh da rik Punjab ho jona.^[10]^[11]^[12] Awalna, Punjab tikonal munih rik golar सप्त सिन्धु, Sapta Sindhu, 'Pitu Uway' dilom Rigweda rik Hapta Hendu dilom Avesta, say tihortiko jadi "Tanoh jak Pitu Uway"; ruwa batangari say barihna hasa joda da Indus rik Kabul say lokok tikuruk dilom wilayah Punjab Raya.^[13] Golar ganta sa pay tikonal di zaman Mughal.^[14]

Dimugrafi

Igamo

Igamo di Punjab, India (2011)^[15]

Sikh (57.69%)

Hindu (38.49%)

Islam (1.93%)

Nasrani (1.26%)

Jain (0.16%)

Buddha (0.12%)

Barihna (0.35%)

Kuwil Emas

Kuwil Durgiana

Basa

Basa di Punjab, India
(Basa partamo) (2011)^[16]

Punjabi (89.8%)

Hindi (7.9%)

Barihna (2.3%)

Liyak munih

Rujukan

↑ Narayanan appointed as WB Governor, Patil gets Punjab Arquivado 2011-06-05 en Wayback Machine., Hindustan Times, January 16, 2010
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama AGAMA
↑ Census of India, 2011. Census Data Online, Population.
↑ Citakan:Cite encyclopedia
↑ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2013). Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten. New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois: Aleph Book Company. p. 1 ("Introduction"). ISBN 978-93-83064-41-0.
↑ "Punjab." p. 107 in Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.), vol. 20.
↑ Alternatively, Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej are counted among the five rivers of Punjab, with Beas considered as a tributary of Sutlej.
↑ Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. The word's origin can perhaps be traced to panca nada, Sanskrit for "five rivers" and the name of a region mentioned in the ancient epic the Mahabharata.
↑ Rajesh Bala (2005). "Foreign Invasions and their Effect on Punjab". In Sukhdial Singh (ed.). Punjab History Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, March 18–20, 2005: Proceedings. Punjabi University. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-7380-990-3. The word Punjab is a compound of two words-Panj (Five) and aab (Water), thus signifying the land of five waters or rivers. This origin can perhaps be traced to panch nada, Sanskrit for "Five rivers" the word used before the advent of Muslims with a knowledge of Persian to describe the meeting point of the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers, before they joined the Indus.
↑ Lassen, Christian. 1827. Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica Arquivado 18 November 2022 en Wayback Machine. [A Geographical and Historical Commentary on Indian Pentapotamia]. Weber. p. 4: "That part of India which today we call by the Persian name ''Penjab'' is named Panchanada in the sacred language of the Indians; either of which names may be rendered in Greek by Πενταποταμια. The Persian origin of the former name is not at all in doubt, although the words of which it is composed are both Indian and Persian.... But, in truth, that final word is never, to my knowledge, used by the Indians in proper names compounded in this way; on the other hand, there exist multiple Persian names which end with that word, e.g., Doab and Nilab. Therefore, it is probable that the name Penjab, which is today found in all geographical books, is of more recent origin and is to be attributed to the Muslim kings of India, among whom the Persian language was mostly in use. That the Indian name Panchanada is ancient and genuine is evident from the fact that it is already seen in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, the most ancient Indian poems, and that no other exists in addition to it among the Indians; for Panchála, which English translations of the Ramayana render with Penjab...is the name of another region, entirely distinct from Pentapotamia...."Citakan:Whose translation
↑ Latif, Syad Muhammad (1891). History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time. Calcultta Central Press Company. p. 1. The Panjáb, the Pentapotamia of the Greek historians, the north-western region of the empire of Hindostán, derives its name from two Persian words, panj (five), an áb (water), having reference to the five rivers which confer on the country its distinguishing features."
↑ Khalid, Kanwal (2015). "Lahore of Pre Historic Era" (PDF). Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. 52 (2): 73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2019. The earliest mention of five rivers in the collective sense was found in Yajurveda and a word Panchananda was used, which is a Sanskrit word to describe a land where five rivers meet. [...] In the later period, the word Pentapotamia was used by the Greeks to identify this land. (Penta means 5 and potamia, water ___ the land of five rivers) Muslim Historians implied the word "Punjab" for this region. Again, it was not a new word because in Persian-speaking areas, there are references of this name given to any particular place where five rivers or lakes meet.
↑ Grewal, J. S. (2004). "Historical Geography of the Punjab" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 11 (1). University of California, Santa Barbara: 1–18. ISSN 0971-5223. OCLC 436148809.
↑ Canfield, Robert L. (1991). Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 1 ("Origins"). Citakan:ISBN.
↑ Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama census2011
↑ Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. "C-16: Population by mother tongue, Punjab – 2011". Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.

[1] Narayanan appointed as WB Governor, Patil gets Punjab Arquivado 2011-06-05 en Wayback Machine., Hindustan Times, January 16, 2010

[AGAMA-2] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama AGAMA

[3] Census of India, 2011. Census Data Online, Population.

[EoS-4] Citakan:Cite encyclopedia

[5] Gandhi, Rajmohan (2013). Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten. New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois: Aleph Book Company. p. 1 ("Introduction"). ISBN 978-93-83064-41-0.

[6] "Punjab." p. 107 in Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.), vol. 20.

[7] Alternatively, Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej are counted among the five rivers of Punjab, with Beas considered as a tributary of Sutlej.

[8] Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. The word's origin can perhaps be traced to panca nada, Sanskrit for "five rivers" and the name of a region mentioned in the ancient epic the Mahabharata.

[9] Rajesh Bala (2005). "Foreign Invasions and their Effect on Punjab". In Sukhdial Singh (ed.). Punjab History Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, March 18–20, 2005: Proceedings. Punjabi University. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-7380-990-3. The word Punjab is a compound of two words-Panj (Five) and aab (Water), thus signifying the land of five waters or rivers. This origin can perhaps be traced to panch nada, Sanskrit for "Five rivers" the word used before the advent of Muslims with a knowledge of Persian to describe the meeting point of the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers, before they joined the Indus.

[10] Lassen, Christian. 1827. Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica Arquivado 18 November 2022 en Wayback Machine. [A Geographical and Historical Commentary on Indian Pentapotamia]. Weber. p. 4: "That part of India which today we call by the Persian name ''Penjab'' is named Panchanada in the sacred language of the Indians; either of which names may be rendered in Greek by Πενταποταμια. The Persian origin of the former name is not at all in doubt, although the words of which it is composed are both Indian and Persian.... But, in truth, that final word is never, to my knowledge, used by the Indians in proper names compounded in this way; on the other hand, there exist multiple Persian names which end with that word, e.g., Doab and Nilab. Therefore, it is probable that the name Penjab, which is today found in all geographical books, is of more recent origin and is to be attributed to the Muslim kings of India, among whom the Persian language was mostly in use. That the Indian name Panchanada is ancient and genuine is evident from the fact that it is already seen in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, the most ancient Indian poems, and that no other exists in addition to it among the Indians; for Panchála, which English translations of the Ramayana render with Penjab...is the name of another region, entirely distinct from Pentapotamia...."Citakan:Whose translation

[11] Latif, Syad Muhammad (1891). History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time. Calcultta Central Press Company. p. 1. The Panjáb, the Pentapotamia of the Greek historians, the north-western region of the empire of Hindostán, derives its name from two Persian words, panj (five), an áb (water), having reference to the five rivers which confer on the country its distinguishing features."

[Khalid-12] Khalid, Kanwal (2015). "Lahore of Pre Historic Era" (PDF). Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. 52 (2): 73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2019. The earliest mention of five rivers in the collective sense was found in Yajurveda and a word Panchananda was used, which is a Sanskrit word to describe a land where five rivers meet. [...] In the later period, the word Pentapotamia was used by the Greeks to identify this land. (Penta means 5 and potamia, water ___ the land of five rivers) Muslim Historians implied the word "Punjab" for this region. Again, it was not a new word because in Persian-speaking areas, there are references of this name given to any particular place where five rivers or lakes meet.

[13] Grewal, J. S. (2004). "Historical Geography of the Punjab" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 11 (1). University of California, Santa Barbara: 1–18. ISSN 0971-5223. OCLC 436148809.

[14] Canfield, Robert L. (1991). Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 1 ("Origins"). Citakan:ISBN.

[census2011-15] Kasalahan dilom pangutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama census2011

[auto4-16] Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. "C-16: Population by mother tongue, Punjab – 2011". Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.

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