Bahasa Parsiya
Bahasa Parsiya | |
---|---|
فارسی Fārsī | |
Dipakay bak | Jolma Persia |
Jumlah Panutur | 130 juta |
Wilayah | Iran |
Kaluwarga Basa | Indo-Eropa • Indo-Iran • Bahasa Persia |
Huruf | Abjad Arab-Persia |
Status | |
Resmi di | Iran Afghanistan Tajikistan Dagestan |
Diatur bak |
|
Status Basa | Lokok tipakay |
Kode Basa | |
ISO 639-1 | fa |
Basa Parsiya atawa ⓘ joda da Basa say dituturko di Iran, Afghanistan, rik Tajikistan say masing-masing na tibagi dilom tolu varietas standar Persia say secara luas dipakay di Iran, Dari say dipakay di Afghanistan, rik Tajik di Tajikistan.[1][2][3]
Persia Dari (resmi tikonal sabagay Dari samenjak tahun 1964),[4] rik Persia Tajik (resmi tikonal sabagay Tajik samenjak tahun 1999).[5][6] Basa hasa munih tipakay sacara basa indok dilom variasi Bahasa Tajik bak sajumlah balak panduduk Uzbekistan,[7][8][9][10]
Huruf
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Basa Parsiya Iran rik Persia Dari di Afghanistan makay Abjad Arab-Persia, sodongko Bahasa Tajik titulis makay Alfabet Sirilik. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik Huruf Arab say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan.
# | Golar Persia |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Transliterasi | IPA | Unicode | Bontuk kontekstual | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Posay | ||||||
0 | همزه | hamze | ʾ | Glottal stop ʔ | U+0621 | – | – | – | ء |
U+0623 | ـأ | أ | |||||||
U+0626 | ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ئ | |||||
U+0624 | ـؤ | ؤ | |||||||
1 | الف | ʾalef | â | ɒ | U+0627 | ـا | ا | ||
2 | ب | be | b | b | U+0628 | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب |
3 | پ | pe | p | p | U+067E | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | پ |
4 | ت | te | t | t | U+062A | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت |
5 | ث | s̱e | s̱ | s | U+062B | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث |
6 | جیم | jim | j | d͡ʒ | U+062C | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج |
7 | چ | če | č | t͡ʃ | U+0686 | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | چ |
8 | ح | ḥe
ḥâ-ye ḥotti ḥâ-ye jimi |
ḥ | h | U+062D | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح |
9 | خ | xe | x | x | U+062E | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ |
10 | دال | dâl | d | d | U+062F | ـد | د | ||
11 | ذال | ẕâl | ẕ | z | U+0630 | ـذ | ذ | ||
12 | ر | re | r | r | U+0631 | ـر | ر | ||
13 | ز | ze | z | z | U+0632 | ـز | ز | ||
14 | ژ | že | ž | ʒ | U+0698 | ـژ | ژ | ||
15 | سین | sin | s | s | U+0633 | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س |
16 | شین | šin | š | ʃ | U+0634 | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش |
17 | صاد | ṣâd | ṣ | s | U+0635 | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص |
18 | ضاد | zâd | ż | z | U+0636 | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض |
19 | طا | tâ | t | t | U+0637 | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط |
20 | ظا | ẓâ | ẓ | z | U+0638 | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ |
21 | عین | ʿayn | ʿ | ʔ
, æ /a |
U+0639 | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع |
22 | غین | ġayn | ġ | ɢ
, ɣ |
U+063A | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ |
23 | ف | fe | f | f | U+0641 | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف |
24 | قاف | qâf | q | q | U+0642 | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق |
25 | کاف | kâf | k | k | U+06A9 | ـک | ـکـ | کـ | ک |
26 | گاف | gâf | g | ɡ | U+06AF | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | گ |
27 | لام | lâm | l | l | U+0644 | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل |
28 | میم | mim | m | m | U+0645 | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م |
29 | نون | nun | n | n | U+0646 | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن |
30 | واو | vâv
(Farsi) |
v
ū ow o |
uː
|
U+0648 | ـو | و | ||
wâw
(Dari) |
w
ū aw ō |
uː
| |||||||
31 | ه | he
hā-ye havvaz hā-ye do-češm |
h | h
atawa e rik a (uncuk kata) |
U+0647 | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه |
32 | ی | ye | y
ī á ay ē munih dilom Dari |
j
i ɒː [aj ] eː dilom Dari |
U+06CC | ـی | ـیـ | یـ | ی |
Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ | βe |
Variasi
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]ی ه و ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا ء | ||
• | Noto Nastaliq Urdu | |
• | Scheherazade | |
• | Lateef | |
• | Noto Naskh Arabic | |
• | Markazi Text | |
• | Noto Sans Arabic | |
• | Baloo Bhaijaan | |
• | El Messiri SemiBold | |
• | Lemonada Medium | |
• | Changa Medium | |
• | Mada | |
• | Noto Kufi Arabic | |
• | Reem Kufi | |
• | Lalezar | |
• | Jomhuria | |
• | Rakkas | |
The alphabet in 16 fonts: Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas. |
Konstruksi huruf
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Bontuk (i) | Posay | ء | ا | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ه | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pangkal | ء | ا | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | کـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | هـ | ||||||
Tongah | ء | ـا | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـکـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـهـ | ||||||
Uncuk | ء | ـا | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـک | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـه | |||
i'jam (i) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 066E .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 06A1 .. | 066F .. | 066F .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648. .. | 0647 .. | |||
1 titik di bah | ﮳ | ب | ج | |||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB3. | 0628 .. | 062C .. | |||||||||||||||||||
1 titik dinggak | ﮲ | ن | خ | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ذ | ز | |||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB2. | 0646 .. | 062E .. | 0636 .. | 0638 .. | 063A .. | 0641 .. | 0630 .. | 0632 .. | |||||||||||||
2 titik di bah (ii) | ﮵ | ی | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB5. | 06CC .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
2 titik dinggak | ﮴ | ت | ق | ة | ||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB4. | 062A .. | 0642 .. | 0629 .. | ||||||||||||||||||
3 titik di bah | ﮹ | پ | چ | |||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB9. FBB7. | 067E .. | 0686 .. | |||||||||||||||||||
3 titik dinggak | ﮶ | ث | ش | ژ | ||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | FBB6. | 062B .. | 0634 .. | 0698 .. | ||||||||||||||||||
Garis dinggak | ‾ | گ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | 203E. | 06AF .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Makka | ء | ا | ی | ں | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ه | ||||||
Unicode | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 066F .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648. .. | 0647 .. | ||||||
Madda dinggak | ۤ | آ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | 06E4. 0653. | 0622 .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hamzah di bah | ــٕـ | إ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | 0655. | 0625 .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hamza dinggak | ــٔـ | أ | ئ | ؤ | ۀ | |||||||||||||||||
Unicode | 0674. 0654. | 0623 .. | 0626 .. | 0624 .. | 06C0 .. |
Vokal Buntak (tulisan vokal ponuh) |
Golar Persia |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Trans.(a) | Nilay (b)
(Farsi/Dari) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
064E ◌َ
|
زبر (فتحه) |
zebar
zibar |
a | æ | a |
0650 ◌ِ
|
زیر (کسره) |
zer
zir |
e
|
e | ɪ
|
064F ◌ُ
|
پیش (ضمّه) |
peš
piš |
o
|
o | ʊ |
Tanwin
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Nunasi (tulisan vokal ponuh) |
Golar (Persia) |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
064B َاً، ـاً، ءً
|
تنوین نَصْبْ | Tanvine nasb | |
064D ٍِ
|
تنوین جَرّ | Tanvine jarr | Mak kala tipakay dilom Bahasa Parsiya.
Tiajarko khusus dilom agama Islam untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis Al-Qur'an education. |
064C ٌ
|
تنوین رَفْعْ | Tanvine rafʿ |
Tasydid=
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Simbul | Golar (Persia) |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
---|---|---|
0651 ّ
|
تشدید | tašdid |
Huruf Tambahan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Bunyi | Pocak | Golar | Kode Poin Unicode |
---|---|---|---|
p | پ | pe | U+067E |
t͡ʃ
(ch) |
چ | če | U+0686 |
ʒ
(zh) |
ژ | že | U+0698 |
ɡ | گ | gâf | U+06AF |
Golar | Pangucapan | IPA | Unicode | Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Posay | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alef madde | â | ɒ | U+0622 | ـآ | — | آ | آ | The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary alef. |
he ye | -eye
atawa -eyeh |
[eje] | U+06C0 | ـۀ | — | — | ۀ | Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter ـهی
or هی
combinations instead.
|
lām alef | lā | [lɒ]
|
U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) | ـلا | — | — | لا | |
kašida | U+0640 | — | ـ | — | — | This is the medial character which connects other characters |
Angka
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Golar | Persia | Unicode | Arab | Unicode |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | ۰ | U+06F0 | ٠ | U+0660 |
1 | ۱ | U+06F1 | ١ | U+0661 |
2 | ۲ | U+06F2 | ٢ | U+0662 |
3 | ۳ | U+06F3 | ٣ | U+0663 |
4 | ۴ | U+06F4 | ٤ | U+0664 |
5 | ۵ | U+06F5 | ٥ | U+0665 |
6 | ۶ | U+06F6 | ٦ | U+0666 |
7 | ۷ | U+06F7 | ٧ | U+0667 |
8 | ۸ | U+06F8 | ٨ | U+0668 |
9 | ۹ | U+06F9 | ٩ | U+0669 |
ye | ی | U+06CC | ي [12] | U+064A |
kāf | ک | U+06A9 | ك | U+0643 |
Angka Arab Lawok | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Angka Arab Darak | ٠ | ١ | ٢ | ٣ | ٤ | ٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | ٩ | ١٠ |
Persia[13] | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴ | ۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹ | ۱۰ |
Urdu[14] | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴ | ۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹ | ۱۰ |
Angka Abjad | – | ا | ب | ج | د | ه | و | ز | ح | ط | ي |
Huruf Tambahan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah-tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
/p/ | پ | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | pe |
/tʃ/ | چ | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | če (che) |
/ʒ/ | ژ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ | že (zhe atawa jhe) |
/ɡ/ | گ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | ge (gāf) |
Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah-tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
/β/ | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ | βe |
Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Huruf Gaya Arab | Huruf Gaya Parsiya | Golar |
---|---|---|
ك | ک | ke (kāf) |
ي | ی | ye |
Cuntuh Tulisan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]UDHR pasal 1;
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]همهی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا میآیند و حیثیت و حقوقشان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.
Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.
Kaunyin jolma tilahir ko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barih na dilom semangat bukolpah.
Liyak Munih
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Rujukan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]- ↑ Persian Iranian Ethnologue lokok aktif
- ↑ 639 Identifier Documentation: fas Sil.org lokok aktif
- ↑ The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Islamic Parliament of Iran
- ↑ Asta Olesen Islam and Politics in Afghanistan volume 3, Psychology Press, (1995) hal 205
There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Farsi – previously dominant in the educational and administrative system (...) — and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Farsi came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958.
- ↑ Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in Media Insight Central Asia #27, August 2002.
- ↑ Mona Baker Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (2001) Psychology Press, isbn 978-0-415-25517-2, hal 518.
lokok aktifAll this affected translation activities in Persian, seriously undermining the international character of the language. The problem was compounded in modern times by several factors, among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union, with Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as the emergence of a language reform movement in Iran which paid no attention to the consequences of its pronouncements and actions for the language as a whole.
- ↑ Richard Foltz The Tajiks of Uzbekistan Central Asian Survey, volume 15, isu 2, hal 213–216 (1996) doi 10.1080/02634939608400946
- ↑ Lena Jonson (2006) Tajikistan in the new Central Asia hal 108
- ↑ Karl Cordell Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe Routledge (1998) isbn 0415173124, hal 201
Consequently the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajiks within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academics and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30 per cent of the republic's twenty-two million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7 per cent (Foltz 1996:213; Carlisle 1995:88).
- ↑ Gernot Windfuhr The World's Major Languages Oxford University Press (1987) isbn 978-0-19-506511-4, Berard Comrie, Oxford 523–546
- ↑ "??" (PDF). Persianacademy.ir. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
- ↑ However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the Nile Valley, similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
- ↑ U+06F0 through U+06F9. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.
- ↑ Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.
- ↑ "PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian". Iranica Online. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.